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ABSTRACT Purpose: to carry out a pilot study applying the Reading and Language Together - Brazil program (RELATo-Brazil), targeting the development of reading and oral language abilities, aiming to improve phonological awareness skills and vocabulary knowledge in the school context. Methods: 9 children of both genders, aged between 8 and 10, enrolled in the second year of elementary school at a private school in the city of Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, joined in the study. The program was applied within three phases: Phase 1 - pre-intervention, with reading and vocabulary assessment tests; Phase 2 - intervention with sessions of different types, A, B, C and Phase 3 - post-intervention, which consisted of the subjects' reassessment, using the same tests applied in Phase 1. The data were stored in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and exported for statistical analysis in the IBM SPSS software, the 25th version. The significance level considered was p ≤ 0.05. Results: following 21 intervention sessions, a better performance among the participants was observed when comparing the results of the pre-intervention and post-intervention phases. There is a statistically considerable difference in the percentage distributions of the conceptual vocabulary fields for Furniture and utensils (p=0.028), Places (p=0.009) and Shapes and colors (p=0.047). The reading rate did not show a statistical difference, but the children performed better in reading time and accuracy after the intervention. Conclusion: the data suggest that training in phoneme awareness and oral language and linking them in the context of authentic book reading are effective strategies for improving both reading and oral language skills.
RESUMO Objetivo: realizar um estudo piloto, aplicando o programa Reading and Language Together - Brazil (RELATo-Brazil), com vistas a incentivar o desenvolvimento da leitura e da linguagem oral por meio do trabalho com as habilidades de consciência fonológica e o aprimoramento do vocabulário no contexto escolar. Métodos: participaram do estudo nove crianças, de ambos os gêneros, com idade entre 8 e 10 anos, matriculadas no terceiro ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola particular do município de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. O programa foi aplicado em três fases: Fase 1- pré-intervenção, com provas de avaliação da leitura e vocabulário, Fase 2 - intervenção com sessões de diferentes tipos. Fase 3 - pós-intervenção, que constou da reavaliação dos sujeitos, utilizando a mesmas provas aplicadas na Fase 1. Os dados foram armazenados em planilhas do programa Microsoft Excel e exportados para análise estatística no software IBM SPSS versão 25. O nível de significância considerado foi de p≤0,05. Resultados: após 21 sessões de intervenção, constatou-se melhor desempenho dos participantes ao comparar os resultados das fases pré-intervenção e pós-intervenção. Há diferença estatisticamente significativa nas distribuições percentuais dos campos conceituais do vocabulário para Móveis e utensílios (p=0,028), Locais (p=0,009) e Formas e cores (p=0,047). A taxa de leitura não mostrou diferença estatística, porém melhor desempenho das crianças em tempo e acurácia da leitura após a intervenção. Conclusão: os dados sugerem que treinar a consciência fonêmica, a linguagem oral e a ligação entre as duas no contexto da leitura real de livros pode ser uma intervenção eficaz na leitura, além de promover competências de linguagem oral.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To systematically review studies on the effects of early stimulation on the neuropsychomotor development of children with microcephaly. Data source: A systematic review was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Virtual Health Library, and Cochrane Library databases. Studies that addressed the use of early stimulation in playful and interactive environments in children with microcephaly were included. There were no restrictions on the publication date or language of the studies. The outcomes assessed were muscle tone, social interaction, fine and gross motor skills, intelligence quotient, socioemotional and adaptive behavior of the child. The methodological quality and the scientific evidence level were assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions, the Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Data synthesis: 264 articles were identified, but only 7 met the eligibility criteria. The included studies had a total population of 125 individuals, with sample sizes ranging from 1 to 71 participants. Conclusions: The studies showed low evidence of an effect of early intervention on the outcomes muscle tone, social interaction, fine and gross motor skills, intelligence quotient, and socioemotional and adaptive behavior in children with microcephaly. However, further randomized clinical trials are needed.
RESUMO Objetivo: Revisar, de forma sistemática, estudos sobre a interferência da estimulação precoce no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças com microcefalia. Fontes de dados: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática realizada nas bases de dados United States National Library of Medicine/ Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (PubMed/MEDLINE), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Cochrane Library. Foram incluídos estudos que abordassem o uso de estímulo precoce em ambientes lúdicos e interativos em crianças com microcefalia. Não foram impostas restrições quanto à data de publicação e ao idioma dos estudos. Como desfechos, avaliaram-se tônus muscular, interação social, habilidades motoras fina e grossa, quociente de inteligência, comportamento socioemocional e adaptativo da criança. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos e o nível de evidência científica foram avaliados pelo Risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions, Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials e Grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation. Síntese dos dados: Foram identificados 264 artigos, entretanto apenas sete atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Os estudos incluídos totalizam uma população de 125 indivíduos, com amostras que variaram de um a 71 participantes. Conclusões: Os estudos demonstraram a existência de baixa evidência quanto à interferência da intervenção precoce nos desfechos tônus muscular, interação social, habilidades motoras finas e grossas, quociente de inteligência e comportamento socioemocional e adaptativo em crianças com microcefalia. No entanto, novos ensaios clínicos randomizados ainda são necessários.
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@#The high incidence and untreated rate of root caries, a common and frequently occurring oral disease with challenging treatment in elderly individuals, is the main cause of tooth loss among elderly people, as rapid development results in pulpitis and periapical periodontitis or residual crown and root, which has been regarded as one of the common chronic oral diseases seriously affecting the quality of life of elderly people. Thus, early intervention and prevention are important. Traditional dental materials for preventing root caries have been widely used in clinical practice; however, they have the disadvantages of tooth coloring, remineralization and low sterilization efficiency. A series of new dental materials for preventing root caries have gradually become a research hotspot recently, which have the advantages of promoting the mineralization of deep dental tissue, prolonging the action time and enhancing adhesion. Future caries prevention materials should be designed according to the characteristics of root surface caries and the application population and should be developed toward simplicity, high efficiency and low toxicity. This review describes current research regarding anti-caries prevention material application, serving as a theoretical underpinning for the research of root caries prevention materials, which is important for both promotion in the effective prevention of root caries and improvement in the status of oral health and the quality of life among old people.
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Fundamento la salud bucal es un componente de la salud general de las personas, desarrollar acciones de promoción y prevención desde temprana edad, garantiza estilos de vida saludables. Objetivo determinar la efectividad de una estrategia de intervención educativa para mejorar el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal en escolares de quinto grado. Métodos estudio pre-experimental, de intervención, del tipo antes y después, en 43 escolares del municipio de Venezuela, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba, en el período septiembre de 2018 a enero de 2019. Mediante una encuesta se identificaron las necesidades de aprendizaje. Luego se confeccionó y ejecutó la estrategia de intervención educativa con actividades teórico-prácticas y técnicas afectivo- participativas acordes con la edad d os participantes. Se utilizó como unidad de resumen el por ciento; y para el análisis estadístico, la prueba de McNemar. Resultados antes de la intervención existían conocimientos insuficientes acerca de temas como la caries dental, higiene bucal y dieta cariogénica; después de aplicada la estrategia se modificaron favorablemente los conocimientos acerca de salud bucal en general (65,1 %). La información relacionada con el tiempo de cambio del cepillo, y otros medios auxiliares para realizar la higiene bucal, resultaron los tópicos mejor asimilados (93,0 % y 90,7 % cada uno) por los infantes. Conclusiones la intervención educativa fue eficaz, lo cual se evidenció al elevarse el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal en la población estudiada, como resultado de las acciones educativas realizadas.
Foundation oral health is a component of people's general health, developing promotion and prevention actions from an early age to guarantee healthy lifestyles. Objective to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention strategy to improve the oral health knowledge level in fifth grade students. Methods pre-experimental, intervention study, of the before and after type, in 43 schoolchildren from the Venezuela municipality, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba, from September 2018 to January 2019. Learning needs were identified through a survey. The educational intervention strategy was prepared and executed with theoretical-practical activities and affective-participatory techniques according to the participants' age. The percent was used as the summary unit; and for statistical analysis, the McNemar test. Results before the intervention there was insufficient knowledge about topics such as dental caries, oral hygiene and cariogenic diet; after applying the strategy, knowledge about oral health in general was modified favorably (65.1%). The information related to the time to change the toothbrush, and other auxiliary means to perform oral hygiene, were the best assimilated topics (93.0 % and 90.7 % each) by the infants. Conclusions the educational intervention was effective; it was evidenced by raising the oral health knowledge level in the studied population, as a result of the educational actions carried out.
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Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder presenting with defects in social commu-nication skills and repetitive sensory motor behaviour. There has been increasing concern regarding this dis-order due to its increase in incidence and prevalence in recent years. Since it stays for lifelong and has no spe-cific pharmacological treatment, many studies are being conducted to find ways of preventing this disorder. Better understanding of the causative factors will lead to better development of prevention strategies. This review aims at highlighting the methods of prevention of ASD which are mostly focussed on the environmen-tal factors causing ASD as well as the ongoing researches on development of drugs and genetic modification using animal models. Some studies have shown preventive effects of factors such as nutrition supplements such as Vitamin D and folate, breastfeeding and avoiding exposure to harmful chemicals and drugs. The aim is to prevent the occurrence of the disorder and preventing the severity of symptoms wherever possible. Still more studies are needed to establish the exact association between the possible causative factors and ASD so that clinical trials can be done to establish the preventive effects in future.
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Fundamento: la promoción de salud debe comenzar en edades tempranas del desarrollo, para que los niños adquieran estilos de vida saludables, que les resulten beneficiosos en el futuro. Objetivo: implementar un programa educativo de salud bucal, dirigido a las familias de los niños/ñas de tres a cinco años matriculados en el Programa Educa a tu hijo, de los consultorios ocho y nueve del Consejo Popular Ramón Balboa, del municipio Lajas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de intervención, de septiembre del 2020 a julio del 2021, en la sede del Programa Educa a tu hijo, con 35 miembros de familia y 35 niños/as entre tres cinco años matriculados en dicho programa. Se analizaron las variables: conocimiento sobre higiene bucal, hábitos dietéticos y hábitos deformantes, medidas antes y después de la intervención educativa. Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino y edad de cuatro años. Los familiares tenían entre 20 y 34 años. Los principales factores de riesgo identificados fueron higiene bucal deficiente, cepillado dental incorrecto y dieta cariogénica. Antes de la intervención predominó el conocimiento regular sobre higiene bucal, un conocimiento malo sobre hábitos dietéticos y un mal nivel de conocimiento sobre hábitos deformantes. Después de la intervención se observó un mayor porcentaje de conocimiento bueno sobre higiene bucal, hábitos dietéticos y buen nivel de conocimiento sobre hábitos deformantes. Conclusiones después de aplicada la intervención educativa se evidenció una notable mejoría en los conocimientos sobre salud bucal.
Background: health promotion should begin at an early age of development, so that children acquire healthy lifestyles that will be beneficial in the future. Objective: to implement an educational oral health program, aimed at the families of children from three to five years old enrolled in the Educate your child Program, from clinics eight and nine of the Ramón Balboa neighborhood, in Lajas municipality. Methods: an intervention study was carried out, from September 2020 to July 2021, at the headquarters of the Educate your child program, with 35 family members and 35 children between three and five years old enrolled in this program. The analyzed variables were: knowledge about oral hygiene, dietary habits and deforming habits, measured before and after the educational intervention. Results: the female sex and age of four years prevailed. The relatives were between 20 and 34 years old. The main risk factors identified were poor oral hygiene, incorrect tooth brushing and cariogenic diet. Before the intervention, regular knowledge about oral hygiene, poor knowledge about dietary habits, and a poor level of knowledge about deforming habits prevailed. After the intervention, a higher percentage of good knowledge about oral hygiene, dietary habits and a good level of knowledge about deforming habits was observed. Conclusions: after applying the educational intervention, a notable improvement in knowledge about oral health was evidenced.
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Purpose: To obtain epidemiological data on children with ocular morbidity attending a nodal district early intervention center (DEIC). Methods: After parental consent, we recruited children with ocular morbidity. After detailed history and clinical evaluation, along with pediatric consultation and relevant neuro?radiological and ancillary investigation, information was entered in a pretested proforma: especially looking for perinatal morbidity, including developmental delay (DD). Visual acuity (VA) was assessed by age?appropriate means by an ophthalmic assistant trained to work with children with special needs. We diligently looked for strabismus and performed dilated ophthalmoscopy. Using JASP, we summarized data as means and proportions and reported 95% CIs. We explored the association of disability percentage with possible predictor variables using regression. Results: We enrolled 320 children, with a mean age of 34.43 ± 31.35 months; two?thirds were male; one?third belonged to lower socioeconomic status (36%), with most parents being illiterate. The mean presenting VA was 1.8 logMAR for both eyes, range: 0 to 3. Sixty?one percent were hyperopic and 27% were myopic. High refractive error, (>±6D) occurred in nine; anisometropia in one; strabismus in 149, mostly esotropia; congenital cataract in 25, whereas 63 had abnormal fundus. Seventy?six received a diagnosis of cerebral visual impairment (CVI). On multivariate linear regression (MLR), younger age, presence of DD, and CVI significantly predicted a higher disability percentage. Logistic regression revealed that statutory disability is likely associated with DD (odds ratio [OR]:13.43); whereas older age was protective (OR: 0.977). Conclusion: Our study suggests that in DEIC children with ocular morbidity, younger children, and the presence of DD significantly predict both greater disability and the likelihood of statutory levels
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El inicio de las relaciones sexuales en la adolescencia puede generar problemas de salud biopsi-cosociales, los que pueden ser más complejos sin el adecuado conocimiento acerca del uso opor-tuno de métodos anticonceptivos. La investigación tuvo el objetivo de valorar la efectividad de una intervención educativa dirigida a las conductas sexuales y reproductivas de riesgo en la adolescencia, en dos Consejos Populares del municipio de Quemado de Güines durante el perio-do 2017-2021. Se desarrolló un estudio preexperimental con una población constituida por 1501 adolescentes, de la que se seleccionó una muestra 102 individuos mediante un procedimiento no probabilístico atendiendo a criterios. En el estudio predominó: el sexo femenino (51%), aquellos con edades entre 13 y 15 años (67,7%) y los que no habían comenzado una vida sexual activa (54,9%). La intervención educativa produjo cambios estadísticamente significativos en el contexto de investigación en relación con la información sobre métodos anticonceptivos y la percepción del riesgo sobre su uso inadecuado.
The beginning of sexual relations in adolescence can generate biopsychosocial health problems, which can be more complex without adequate knowledge about the timely use of contraceptive methods. The research aimed to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention aimed at sexual and reproductive risk behaviors in adolescents in two Popular Councils of the Quemado de Güines Hall during 2017-2021. A pre-experimental study was developed with a population of 1501 adolescents, from which a sample of 102 individuals was selected through a non-probabi-listic procedure according to criteria. The study predominated: the female gender (51%), the ages between 13 and 15 (67.7%), and those ones who had not started an active sexual life (54.9%). The educational intervention produced statistically significant changes in the research context concerning the information on contraceptive methods and the perception of risk regar-ding its inappropriate use
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Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent , Contraceptive Agents , Methods , Early Intervention, Educational , Education , Drugs of Continuous UseABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the clinical feasibility of finger-pressing therapy based on the theory of treating impotence alone with Yang Ming to reduce incidence of ICU acquired weakness (ICU-AW) in critically ill children and provide a feasible nursing plan for ICU acquired asthenia in critically ill children.Methods:A quasi-experimental study was conducted. A total of 73 critically ill children were admitted to the PICU of Kunming Children′s Hospital from January 1 to April 30, 2021. According to the random number table, the subjects were divided into the observation group (37 cases) and the control group (36 cases). Children in the control group received routine PICU nursing. The children in the observation group were treated with PICU routine nursing and finger-pressing therapy based on the theory of treating impotence alone with Yang Ming. The two groups were compared in terms of limb muscle strength score (MRC-Score), incidence of ICU-AW, basic activities of life (Barthel Index, BI), limb muscle thickness.Results:After intervention, the MRC-Score of the observation group was 50 (46, 52) points, which was higher than 46 (40, 48) points of the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( Z=-3.70, P<0.05). The incidence of ICU-AW in the observation group was 32.43% (12/37), and the incidence of ICU-AW in the control group was 72.22% (26/36). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=11.58, P<0.05). The BI score of the observation group was 63 (50, 70), which was higher than 44 (40,60) of the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( Z=-3.94, P<0.05). The reduction degree of quadriceps femoris thickness in the observation group at D3-D1 was (-0.381 ± 0.131) cm, which was lower than (-0.762 ± 0.182) cm in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=10.29, P<0.05). Conclusions:The application of finger-pressing therapy guided by theory of treating impotence alone with Yang Ming in the early rehabilitation of critically ill children can enhance muscle strength, prevent muscle atrophy and reduce the incidence of ICU-AW in critically ill children.
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Objective:To explore the effects of goals-activity-motor enrichment(GAME) therapy on the function of gross and fine motion in infants at high risk of cerebral palsy.Methods:Prospective study.A total of 116 children at high risk of cerebral palsy who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the Rehabilitation Department of Qingdao Women and Children′s Hospital from November 2017 to November 2019 were selected in a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial, and randomly divided into control group (58 cases) and observation group (58 cases) according to the random number table method.The two groups were then divided into mild group, moderate group and severe group according to the gross motor quotient(GMQ) of Peabody Motor Development Scale-2 (PDMS-2). During treatment, 4 cases of shedding occurred in the control group and 8 cases in the observation group, respectively.Finally, 54 cases were included in the control group and 50 cases in the observation group.The control group was given regular early intervention rehabilitation, whereas the observation group was given GAME treatment.The Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88), the GMQ of PDMS-2 and the fine motor quotient (FMQ) of PDMS-2 were used to assess the motor function of children before intervention and after 12 weeks of treatment.The Chi- square test or Fisher′ s exact test was used to compare gender-specific data, while the t-test was used to compare age-specific data and rehabilitation evaluation indices. Results:The GMFM-88 scores, GMQ, and FMQ of children in both groups improved significantly after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant [control group GMFM-88: (63.52±10.06) scores vs.(47.02±8.19) scores, t=-19.770, GMQ: 83.02±15.52 vs.73.56±14.72, t=-18.180, FMQ: 81.19±14.88 vs.71.22±13.92, t=-18.413, all P<0.05; observation group GMFM-88: (68.06±10.82) scores vs.(46.16±8.73) scores, t=-32.856, GMQ: 89.98±18.10 vs.72.94±13.84, t=-17.089, FMQ: 88.34±18.08 vs.72.26±13.74, t=-15.370, all P<0.05], and the GMFM-88, GMQ, and FMQ scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group after treatment, with statistically significant differences(GMFM-88: t=-2.176, GMQ: t=-2.111, FMQ: t=-2.210, all P<0.05). In the observation group, the added value score and quotient of mild group and moderate group were significantly increased compared with that of severe group, and the differences were statistically significant [GMFM-88 added value: the mild group (24.11±3.36) scores and moderate group (22.91±3.46) scores were compared with the severe group (15.70±4.08) scores, t=5.881, 5.164, all P<0.05, GMQ added value: the mild group (19.61±6.83) and moderate group (18.27±6.61) were compared with the severe group (9.80±4.29), t=4.098, 3.915, all P<0.05, the added value of FMQ: mild group (18.72±7.11) and moderate group (17.36±6.10) were compared with severe group (8.50±5.82), t=3.873, 3.863, all P<0.05]. Conclusions:GAME treatment is more effective than early rehabilitation training at improving gross and fine motor function in infants at high risk of cerebral palsy.Its benefits on mild and moderate infants at high risk of cerebral palsy are superior.
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Objective:To assess the characteristics and correlation of motor development in preterm infants of different gestational weeks by using the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) method, and to develop better individualized early interventions based on TIMP test results.Methods:A prospective study involving 43 full-term healthy infants and 77 preterm followed up in 3201 Hospital from June 2019 to July 2021 was conducted.Preterm infants were divided into the early preterm group (39 cases) and late preterm group (38 cases) according to their gestational age at birth.TIMP assessment was performed at the gestational age of 40 weeks and the corrected age of 16 weeks after birth.Similarly, the full-term healthy infants were assessed by TIMP at the postnatal age of 16 weeks.The differences between groups were investigated using ANOVA or Mann- Whitney rank sum test.Correlations were analyzed by the Pearson correlation method. Results:There were no significant difference in TIMP scores between early and late preterm infants at the gestational age of 40 weeks [(65.74±6.52) scores vs.(66.96±8.51) scores] and the corrected age of 16 weeks [(101±10) scores vs.(104±8) scores] (all P>0.05). TIMP scores in the full-term healthy group at the corrected age of 16 weeks [(108±10) scores] differed significantly from those of early and late preterm infants ( P<0.05). Compared with full-term infants, early and late preterm infants had lower TIMP scores in observation, supine position, and supine turning (all P<0.05), but a higher TIMP score in standing position ( P<0.05). For both early and late preterm infants, TIMP scores at the gestational age of 40 weeks were significantly positively correlated with those at the corrected age of 16 weeks ( r=0.565, 0.302, all P<0.01). Conclusions:There were significant differences in motor development between preterm infants of different gestational ages and term infants, which had guiding significance for early intervention.English version TIMP could play a positive role in promoting individualized follow-up and early intervention of preterm infants in China.
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Resumo A intervenção precoce centrada na família tem sido considerada entre os pesquisadores como o atual paradigma para o cuidado à infância. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar e discutir percepções de familiares sobre as práticas de intervenção precoce e participação ativa da família, realizadas pela equipe de um Centro Especializado de Reabilitação (CER) no atendimento de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Participaram da pesquisa nove familiares de crianças com TEA, de zero a quatro anos e 11 meses, inseridas no serviço. Foram realizadas entrevistas com os participantes para investigar o conhecimento das famílias e suas expectativas sobre a participação nas intervenções, e após a coleta de dados foi feito a análise temática de conteúdo. A prática da equipe desse serviço não está relacionada exclusivamente a um único modelo de apoio às famílias, com a participação família sendo, em sua maioria, alinhada ao modelo de apoio focado na família. Espera-se que este estudo possa contribuir e fomentar discussões sobre a intervenção precoce, dos modelos de apoio à família, e em especial das crianças com TEA.
Abstract Family-centered early intervention has been considered by researchers as the current paradigm for childcare. This article aims to present and discuss perceptions of family members about early intervention practices and active family participation, carried out by the team of a Specialized Rehabilitation Center (CER) in the care of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Nine family members of children with ASD, from zero to four years and 11 months, included in the service, participated in the research. Interviews were conducted with the participants to investigate the families' knowledge and their expectations about participating in the interventions, and after data collection, thematic content analysis was performed. The practice of the team at this service is not exclusively related to a single model of support for families, with family participation being, for the most part, aligned with the support model focused on the family. It is hoped that this study can contribute and encourage discussions about early intervention, family support models, and especially children with ASD.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Early special training has been widely used to improve athletic performance in young Chinese boxing athletes. For athletes to make better use of training time and accumulate maximum special competitive skills, intensive training is required from their youth. Objective: Study the competitive ability of Chinese boxing athletes under strengthening through early physical training. Methods: Through literature method, experimental methods, and mathematical statistical analysis, the athletes' body composition and their performance in specific and functional physical activities were analyzed. results: Young athletes significantly differed in BMI, height, and limb length (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in height, the distance between fingers, Achilles tendon length (P>0.05). No significant difference was found in flexibility and sensitivity among volunteers (P>0.05). Conclusion: The athletes participating in early training are uniformly matched, the level of tactical ability of the athletes under training has a differential that can directly impact future sports performance, and this practice is recommended to improve the athletes' sports performance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento especial precoce tem sido amplamente utilizado visando melhorar o desempenho atlético em jovens atletas de boxe chinês. No intuito dos atletas aproveitarem melhor o tempo de treino e acumular o máximo de habilidades competitivas especiais, é requerido um treinamento intensivo desde sua juventude. Objetivo: Estudar a capacidade competitiva dos atletas de boxe chinês sob o fortalecimento através do treinamento físico precoce. Métodos: Através do método de literatura, métodos experimentais e análise estatística matemática, analisou-se a composição corporal dos atletas, seu desempenho em atividades físicas específicas e funcionais. Resultados: Houve diferenças significativas no IMC, altura e comprimento de membros entre os jovens atletas (P<0,05). Não houve diferença significativa na altura, distância entre os dedos, comprimento do tendão de Aquiles (P>0,05). Não foi encontrada diferença significativa na flexibilidade e na sensibilidade entre os voluntários (P>0,05). Conclusão: Os atletas participantes do treinamento precoce são uniformemente equiparados, o nível de habilidade tática dos atletas sob capacitação nesse treinamento tem um diferencial que pode impactar diretamente sobre o desempenho esportivo futuro, sendo recomendada essa prática para melhorar o desempenho esportivo dos atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento especial temprano se ha utilizado ampliamente con el objetivo de mejorar el rendimiento deportivo en los jóvenes atletas de boxeo chinos. Para que los deportistas aprovechen mejor su tiempo de entrenamiento y acumulen el máximo de habilidades competitivas especiales, es necesario un entrenamiento intensivo desde su juventud. Objetivo: Estudiar la capacidad competitiva de los atletas chinos de boxeo bajo fortalecimiento a través del entrenamiento físico temprano. Métodos: Mediante el método bibliográfico, los métodos experimentales y el análisis estadístico matemático, se analizó la composición corporal de los atletas y su rendimiento en actividades físicas específicas y funcionales. Resultados: Hubo diferencias significativas en el IMC, la altura y la longitud de las extremidades entre los jóvenes atletas (P<0,05). No hubo diferencias significativas en la altura, la distancia entre los dedos y la longitud del tendón de Aquiles (P>0,05). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la flexibilidad y la sensibilidad entre los voluntarios (P>0,05). Conclusión: Los atletas que participan en el entrenamiento temprano están uniformemente emparejados, el nivel de habilidad táctica de los atletas en entrenamiento tiene un diferencial que puede impactar directamente en el futuro rendimiento deportivo, siendo recomendada esta práctica para mejorar el rendimiento deportivo de los atletas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
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ABSTRACT Early Intervention (EI) is aimed at children with developmental delays through actions that include families and their context. The objective of this study was to conduct a scoping review based on The Protocols of the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-Scr, answering the question: How do families of children with special needs understand the benefits (support or assistance received) of Early Intervention Services? 54 articles were found and analyzed, and four different nuclei were organized: EI team, skills, and collaborative practices; Family empowerment and self-efficacy; Participation, personal needs, and Quality of Family Life; Access to information and services. We concluded that family benefits are indicators of the effectiveness of early intervention.
RESUMO A Intervenção Precoce (IP) é destinada à crianças com atrasos no desenvolvimento através de ações que incluam as famílias e seu contexto. O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma revisão de escopo a partir dos protocolos do Joannna Briggs Institute e PRISMA-Scr, respondendo à pergunta: Como os familiares de crianças com necessidades especiais compreendem os benefícios (apoio ou assistência recebida) dos serviços de intervenção precoce? Foram encontrados e analisados 54 artigos, sendo organizados quatro diferentes núcleos: Equipe de IP, competências e práticas colaborativas; Empoderamento e autoeficácia familiar; Participação, necessidades pessoais e Qualidade de Vida Familiar; Acesso à informação e aos serviços. Concluiu-se que os benefícios familiares são indicadores de eficácia da intervenção precoce.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of early intervention with electroacupuncture (EA) on the gut microbiota in a mouse model of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).Methods:Totally 32 C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the following 4 groups ( n=8 for each group): Control group, EA group, PTSD group and PTSD+ EA group.After 7 days acclimation, mice in the PTSD group and PTSD+ EA group were subjected to modified single prolonged stress (mSPS). Mice in the EA group and PTSD+ EA group received EA (2/15 Hz, 1 mA, dilatational wave, 30 min/d) on "Baihui" for 7 days. Mice in the Control group and PTSD group received false stimulation (stimulated the same acupiont without electricity) for 7 days. Seven days after the last stimulation, elevated plus maze test and fear conditioning test were conducted to observe the effect of EA on PTSD-like behavior of mice. At the same time, feces of the mice were collected for gut microbiota detection by 16S rRNA sequencing.SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis.One-way ANOVA was used for multiple group comparison and Bonferrani test was done for further pairwise comparision. Results:(1) There were statistically differences in the open arm activity time of the elevated plus maze test and the immobility time in contextual and cued fear conditioning test among the four groups ( F=6.93, 5.26, 14.51, all P<0.01). In the elevated plus maze test, mice in PTSD group ((60.17±15.52) s) showed significant less time in the open arms than mice in Control group((96.37±14.62) s) and PTSD+ EA group ((86.89±15.02) s) (both P<0.05). In the fear conditioning test, mice in PTSD group ((121.99±29.67) s, (130.82±29.11) s) showed significant increased immobility time both in contextual and cued fear conditioning tests than mice in Control group((74.50±26.65) s, (39.50±23.52) s) and PTSD+ EA group ((76.77±22.60) s, (102.17±3.39) s)(both P<0.05). (2) There were no significant differences among the four groups in the alpha diversity of gut microbiota ( F=0.79-2.45, all P>0.05). (3)Correlation analysis showed that 13 gut microbiotas were negatively correlated with the immobility time in contextual fear conditioning test, 2 gut microbiotas were positively correlated with it; 7 gut microbiotas were negatively correlated with the immobility time in cued fear conditioning test, 1 gut microbiota was positively correlated with it; 3 gut microbiotas were positively correlated with time spent in open arms of elevated plus maze test. Conclusion:Early intervention with EA can improve anxiety-fear like behaviors and gut microflora disorder in PTSD model mice.
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Objective To investigate the rare genotypes and mutation frequency of thalassemia in Laibin area of Guangxi , to intervene the birth of children with moderate or severe thalassemia, and to better guide the genetic diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis. Methods A total of 282 patients of hematological phenotypes inconsistent with genotypes in Laibin City (four counties, one city and one district) were tested for rare genotypes. Results A total of 50 cases were found to carry rare thalassemia gene mutations, including 23 cases of β-globin gene mutation containing 9 types of mutations, and 27 cases of α-globin gene mutation containing 7 types of mutations. There were 4 homotypic thalassemia couples with one party carrying rare thalassemia gene mutation. After prenatal diagnosis, one case was found to be a rare mutation carrier , two cases to be a double heterozygote, and one case to be a common mutation carrier. Conclusion The data of thalassemia genotype spectrum in Laibin , Guangxi. It is suggested that when the hematological phenotype is not consistent with the genotype , it should be detected by other molecular techniques to avoid the birth of children with moderate or severe thalassemia, which is also helpful for clinical diagnosis and treatment guidance, population screening and genetic counseling.
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@#Children born with cleft lip and palate (CLP) are at high risk of disorders involving early speech production, and these problems can persist into later childhood, leading to the emergence of compensatory articulation errors. These difficulties in early vocalization directly impact the subsequent development of children's speech and vocabulary. Studies have shown that providing naturalistic interventions, such as milieu teaching and focused stimulation, for children with CLP in the first three years of life have positive impacts on the speech development of children, such as the potential to increase phonemic inventories and the percentage of correct consonants. In addition to speech and language therapists who perform systematic speech therapy, parents can be trained and supervised to deliver early speech intervention. The percentage of correct consonants can be used to assess outcome measures of speech intervention when combined with other measures, such as consonant inventory and speech intelligibility. However, much recent research in the field has focused on older children. Therefore, it must be determined if intervening during the early phase of typical speech development leads to better results. Future research should use more robust methodological designs to determine whether early speech intervention exhibits a positive impact on the speech and future physical and mental development of children with CLP.
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Objetivo: Evidenciar a percepção materna acerca da efetividade de uma intervenção educativa para estimulação de crianças com risco para o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com mães que participaram de uma intervenção educativa em Centros Públicos de Referência em Educação Infantil em um município da Paraíba, sobre a estimulação do desenvolvimento infantil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, nos meses de março a julho 2018, e interpretados por meio da análise temática. Resultados: Destacaram-se a falta de orientação profissional como fragilidades para a estimulação infantil no domicílio, antes da intervenção. A sobrecarga física materna e a ausência paterna na estimulação da criança foram evidenciadas como dificultadores para realização da estimulação domiciliar. Por outro lado, o uso de metodologia ativa e os materiais educativos utilizados na intervenção educativa foram considerados facilitadores para melhora do conhecimento e empoderamento acerca da estimulação infantil. Conclusão: A intervenção educativa, na percepção materna, se mostrou efetiva por proporcionar transformação de atitudes quanto à estimulação dos seus filhos. Ademais, trouxe satisfação e motivação às mães para implementar os estímulos adequados após o novo conhecimento construído. (AU)
Objective: To highlight the maternal perception about the effectiveness of an educational intervention to stimulate children at risk for neuropsychomotor development. Methods: Qualitative research, carried out with mothers who participated in an educational intervention in Public Reference Centers in Early Childhood Education in a city in Paraíba, on the stimulation of child development. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, from March to July 2018, and interpreted through thematic analysis. Results: The lack of professional guidance was highlighted as weaknesses for child stimulation at home, before the intervention. The maternal physical overload and the father's absence in stimulation of the child were evidenced as difficulties to perform home stimulation. On the other hand, the use of active methodology and the educational materials used in the educational intervention were considered facilitators to improve knowledge and empowerment about child stimulation. Conclusion: The educational intervention, in the maternal perception, proved to be effective in providing a transformation of attitudes regarding the stimulation of their children. In addition, it brought satisfaction and motivation to the mothers to implement the appropriate stimuli after the new knowledge built. (AU)
Objetivo: Resaltar la percepción materna sobre la efectividad de una intervención educativa para estimular a niños en riesgo de desarrollo neuropsicomotor. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa, realizada con madres que participaron en una intervención educativa en Centros Públicos de Referencia en Educación Infantil de una ciudad de Paraíba, sobre la estimulación del desarrollo infantil. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, de marzo a julio de 2018, e interpretados mediante análisis temático. Resultados: La falta de orientación profesional se destacó como debilidades para la estimulación infantil en el hogar, antes de la intervención. La sobrecarga física materna y la ausencia del padre en la estimulación del niño se evidenciaron como dificultades para realizar la estimulación domiciliaria. Por otro lado, el uso de metodología activa y los materiales educativos utilizados en la intervención educativa fueron considerados facilitadores para mejorar el conocimiento y empoderamiento sobre la estimulación infantil. Conclusión: La intervención educativa, en la percepción materna, demostró ser efectiva en brindar una transformación de actitudes con respecto a la estimulación de sus hijos. Además, trajo satisfacción y motivación a las madres para implementar los estímulos adecuados luego de los nuevos conocimientos construidos. (AU)
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Child Development , Child , Child Day Care Centers , Health Education , Early Intervention, Educational , MothersABSTRACT
O estudo investigou a linguagem escrita de crianças do 2º e 4º anos com e sem sinais de transtorno específico de aprendizagem. Objetivou comparar as escritas entre dois os grupos de alunos, de modo a verificar se a diferença entre eles seria menor nas séries iniciais e tenderia a aumentar nas séries finais, como previsto teoricamente com base no efeito Mateus. Participaram do estudo 51 professores e 1085 alunos, sendo 49 indicados com sinais compatíveis com o transtorno específico de aprendizagem. O instrumento utilizado para analisar a escrita dos alunos foi o Teste de Desempenho Escolar (TDE-II). A partir das análises realizadas, observou-se que o total de palavras certas no ditado do TDE-II foi maior no 4º ano do que no 2º ano para a amostra total, como esperado, e que a diferença entre os alunos com e sem queixas de dificuldades foi maior no 4º ano do que no 2º ano. Análise de post-hoc revelou que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os alunos com queixas do 2º ano e do 4º ano, ou seja, a diferença entre eles foi tão pequena que não se mostrou significativa. Tal resultado corrobora o efeito Mateus, sugerindo que crianças com dificuldades ao início da escolarização tendem a apresentar menores ganhos e se distanciar cada vez mais dos colegas com habilidades mais desenvolvidas. Logo, estratégias e intervenções precisam ser desenvolvidas para facilitar o desenvolvimento da linguagem escrita das crianças e promover avanços logo ao início da escolarização.
The study investigated writing of 2nd and 4th grade children with and without signs of the specific learning disorder, and aimed to compare the difference in writing between these two groups of students, to analyze whether the difference between them would be smaller in the early grades and would tend to increase in the final grades, as theoretically predicted by Matthew effect. 51 teachers and 1085 students participated in this study, among which 49 had signs compatible with the specific learning disorder. The instrument used to analyze the students writing was the School Performance Test (TDE-II). It was observed that, in general, the total number of correct words in the TDE-II dictation was greater in the 4th grade, compared to the 2nd grade, as expected, and the difference between students with and without complaints of difficulties was greater among the students in 4th grade than among 2nd grade students. Post-hoc tests showed that there was no statistically significant difference between 2nd grade students with complaints and 4th grade students of with complaints, that is, the difference between them was so small that it was not significant. This result corroborates the "Matthew effect": children with difficulties at the beginning of schooling tend to present lower gains and, increasingly, distance themselves from colleagues with more developed skills. Thus, strategies and interventions must be designed to facilitate children's literacy and promote advances at beginning of schooling.
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Resumen Antecedentes: la alta prevalencia de depresión en la adolescencia y sus graves consecuencias, asociadas a su falta de detección y tratamiento, estimulan el interés en la investigación respecto a su prevención e intervención tempranas. Las intervenciones basadas en las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC), dada su flexibilidad y capacidad de difusión, representan oportunidades innovadoras; no obstante, en Latinoamérica hay poca evidencia sobre su impacto y eficacia. Objetivo y metodología: se realiza un estudio piloto cuantitativo cuasiexperimental que busca evaluar la factibilidad del programa basado en Internet "Cuida tu Ánimo", mediante las variables de uso y aceptabilidad, y la estimación del efecto, en 215 adolescentes (103 grupo activo, 112 grupo control) de dos instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Medellín. Se evaluaron las interacciones de los adolescentes con el Programa, su uso-aceptabilidad, el nivel de sintomatología depresiva y otros aspectos relacionados. Resultados: los adolescentes reportan alta aceptación y uso muy moderado del Programa. Señalan el aprendizaje sobre depresión y detección temprana del riesgo que les proporcionó el Programa; y recomiendan aumentar la interactividad de la plataforma web, generar contenidos más diversos y entretenidos, y aumentar los niveles de presencialidad de la intervención. Conclusiones: los programas basados en las TIC pueden ser un complemento favorable para la prevención e intervención tempranas de la depresión en adolescentes. Dada la dificultad de asociar la estimación del efecto del Programa con su uso, se recomienda en estudios futuros utilizar un diseño que permita relacionar los indicadores de uso con los de resultado (dosis-efecto).
Abstract Background: the high prevalence of depression in adolescence and its serious consequences, associated with its lack of detection and treatment, stimulate interest in research regarding its early prevention and intervention. Interventions based on information and communication technologies (ICT), given their flexibility and capacity for dissemination, represent innovative opportunities; however, in Latin America there is little evidence on their impact and efficacy. Objective and Methods: a quasi-experimental quantitative pilot study was carried out to evaluate the feasibility, through the variables of use and acceptability, and the estimated effect of the Internet-based program "Cuida tu Ánimo", in 215 adolescents (103 active group, 112 control group) from two educational institutions. The adolescents' interactions with the program, its use-acceptability, and the level of depressive symptomatology and other related aspects were evaluated. Results: the adolescents report high acceptance and very moderate use of the Program. They point out that the program allowed them to learn about depression and early detection of risk; also, they recommend increasing the interactivity of the web platform, designing more diverse and entertaining content, and increasing the presence of the intervention. Conclusions: Internet-based programs such as Cuida tu Ánimo can be a favorable complement for the prevention and early intervention of depression in adolescents. Considering the difficulty in relating the estimation of the Program's effect with its use, it is recommended that future studies include a design that permits associating the use indicators with the outcome indicators (dose-effect).